THE REORIENTATION OF FAMILY VALUES THROUGH RADIO BROADCAST CAMPAIGNS ON GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF STUDY: According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the family is the most basic societal unit, and it is the responsibility of society to provide all necessary support and protection to the family so that the family can take on all of the responsibilities necessary to ensure a favourable environment for a child's harmonious development. Because the family is regarded as one of the most important socialization institutions for a child, it is critical to assess and comprehend the value system of young people, so that values are not solely oriented toward the egoistic goals set by parents, but also toward an understanding of the importance of the role of the family in the upbringing of children. The voluntary endorsement of values as essential to young people is required for value transmission from one generation to the next. Young individuals may operate in a self-regulatory manner if they accept and absorb voluntary accepted and internalized ideals.

Family values should be seen as a two-way process: first, a child's assessment of his or her parents' beliefs, and second, acceptance or rejection of those values (Knafo & Schwartz, 2019). Young people's autonomy is no longer threatened by intrinsic incentive to embrace family ideals. Parents who support their children's perspectives, give more options and freedom for action, and enable their children to act on their own beliefs may develop more authentic family relationships, according to Soenens, et al. (2017). Attitudes and behavior are influenced by values. Frames may be thought of as mental frameworks that affect our perceptions, thoughts, and interpretations throughout time (Cienki, 2017). As a result of one's family beliefs and experiences, a person may decide to participate in a radio broadcast campaign to combat gender-based violence.

Gender-based violence against women occurs in Nigeria in a variety of settings, with domestic abuse being the most common (violence within the family). It frequently affects the family's female member or the girl kid. They include rape (especially among family members), women being beaten up by their husbands, verbal abuse, incest, female genital mutilation, forced marriage, child marriage, denial of the right to choose a spouse, denial of the right to own property, refusal to allow women to work or control their own income, refusal to allow girls to attend school, and all forms of cruelty, such as treating a woman as if she were a child, refusing her any affection or seduction.

It also includes limiting a woman's relationships with others in her society, such as friends, coworkers, or family, seeing women as inept, useless, or inferior to males, and girls being trafficked with the goal of employing them as commercial sex workers. Others are violent attacks on widows that are misunderstood as widow's rituals. According to WHO (2015), roughly a third of all Nigerian women had been victims of violence in various forms at some point in their lives.

Furthermore, according to Jekayinka (2016), domestic violence, female genital mutilation, and forced prostitution continue to be practiced at an alarming rate among Nigerians. Worse, traditional practices and beliefs among Nigerian tribes encourage violence and make women second-class citizens. In certain Nigerian communities, for example, a woman does not have the right to inherit her husband's property. In the pretext of grieving her late spouse, widows are humiliated, imprisoned, and constrained in the same position for up to a year. Child trafficking is the most prevalent form of violence.

According to Murzi (2015) who  found that Nigerians account for more than 60% of the minors trafficked from Africa to Europe for sex exploitation. Syndicates mislead the youngsters by claiming to assist them in finding employment, only to move them to Europe and utilize them as prostitutes. In Nigeria, all of these acts of violence against women cut across cultures, customs, social classes, and ethnic groupings. The majority of Nigerian women are unaware of human rights infractions. Even those who are aware are frightened of being stigmatized, so they accept abuse and suffer in silence until the effects appear in sadness, poor self-esteem, and health issues.

1.2 STATEMENTS OF PROBLEM

Gender-based violence may strike women (and men) at any stage of their lives, including infancy, childhood, and adolescence, as well as maturity and elder age. 1 GBV is also the most widespread kind of violence against women all around the globe, much more so than rape or assault by strangers or acquaintances. Despite the fact that one out of every six women has been a victim of domestic abuse, the issue is mostly disguised.

Physical and sexual violence, on the other hand, has a devastating impact on women's health and well-being ( Murzi,2015). Despite the growing knowledge that GBV may afflict both men and women, the literature's definition has not been updated to reflect this. GBV is defined as "any act of gender-based violence that causes or is likely to cause physical, sexual, or mental injury or suffering to women, including threats of such actions, coercion, or arbitrary denial of liability, whether in public or private life." (2019, Knafo) Battering, sexual abuse of children, dowry-related violence, rape, female genital mutilation, and other traditional practices harmful to women are all examples of GBV, as are non-spousal violence and violence related to exploitation, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educational institutions, and elsewhere, trafficking in women, and forced prostitutes. (Knafo,2019) Domestic violence is one kind of GBV, and it refers to violence against women and girls by an intimate partner, including a cohabiting spouse, and other family members, regardless of where the abuse occurs or in what form. Radio, like all other kinds of mass communication, educates, informs, and entertains its listeners. It also persuades and mobilizes in addition to these activities.

It has the ability to raise problems' consciousness and knowledge. The audience's attitude will alter as a result of this understanding. It is obvious that proper information is a significant problem in the elimination of prejudice against women. As a result, effective communication techniques are required to combat prejudice and violence against women. However, there are a number of issues that work against these initiatives, including a lack of finance, interference from powerful people in society, a lack of sponsors, and so on. As a result, a reorientation of family values is required in South-East Nigeria, via radio broadcast campaigns on gender-based violence against women.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The primary objective of the study is as follows

1. To examine the radio broadcast campaign on gender-based violence in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi State Nigeria in the reorientation of family values.

2. To identify and pronounce the types of gender-based violence in Abakaliki metropolis

3. To ascertain the effectiveness and relevance of using radio campaigns to orient family value in Abakaliki metropolis.

4. To find out the causes of gender-based violence against women in Abakaliki metropolis Ebonyi state and proffer solutions to the problem.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following questions have been prepared for the study

1. Is there a radio broadcast campaign on gender-based violence in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi State Nigeria in the reorientation of family values?

2. What are the types of gender-based violence in Abakaliki metropolis ?

3. Is using a radio campaigns to orient family value in Abakaliki metropolis effective and relevant?

4. What are the causes of gender-based violence against women in Abakaliki metropolis Ebonyi state?

5. What are the proffer solutions to the problem of gender based violence against women in Abakaliki metropolis Ebonyi state?

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This study focuses on reorientation of family values through radio broadcast campaigns on gender-based violence against women in south-east Nigeria. Hence the study will be significant to the Nigerian government on the necessary approach that can be used to prosecute perpetrators of gender based violence and rehabilitation for the victims. This study will also be significant to the national broadcasting commission as it will see the need to sponsor more programmes on gender based violence against women. This study will be beneficial to the academic community as it will contribute to the existing literature on gender based violence.

1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY

This study will  examine the radio broadcast campaign on gender-based violence in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi State Nigeria in the reorientation of family values. This study will also, the study will  identify and pronounce the types of gender-based violence in Abakaliki metropolis. This study will further ascertain the effectiveness and relevance of using radio campaigns to orient family value in Abakaliki metropolis.  Lastly, the study will find out the causes of gender-based violence against women in Abakaliki metropolis Ebonyi state and proffer solutions to the problem. Hence this study will be delimited to women in Abakaliki, Ebonyi state.

1.7 LIMITATIONS

for the researcher.This study was constrained by a number of factors which are as follows:

 just like any other research, ranging from unavailability of needed accurate materials on the topic under study, inability to get data

Financial constraint , was faced by  the researcher ,in getting relevant materials  and  in printing and collation of questionnaires

Time factor: time factor pose another constraint since having to shuttle between writing of the research and also engaging in other academic work making it uneasy